What emotional state does Rembrandt convey in his "Self-Portrait as Saint Paul"?

Rembrandt's "Self-Portrait as Saint Paul" effectively conveys an emotional state characterized by anguish and trouble, illustrating deep psychological complexity. In this work, the artist depicts himself with a furrowed brow and a somber expression, suggesting an internal struggle that goes beyond mere physical representation.

The use of light and shadow amplifies this emotional tone, as it highlights the contours of his face while casting deeper shadows around his features, creating a dramatic effect. This chiaroscuro technique underscores feelings of conflict and introspection, evoking a sense of vulnerability.

By donning the attributes of Saint Paul, who is known for his epistles filled with spiritual anguish and moments of doubt, Rembrandt draws a parallel between his personal reflections and the troubled experiences often associated with the saint's life. This connection enhances the viewer's understanding of his emotional depth, showcasing the artist's ability to express complex human feelings through his work. The overall impression is one of profound introspection rather than carefree joy, detachment, or triumph.